Mercury vapor lamp



Feb. 7, 1933.

F. R. K. V. TRKENBURG MERCURY VAPOR LAMP Filed Sept. 4, 1930 Patented Feb. 1, 1933 1,896,651

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FELIX RITTER KALBACm v. ULG, F BERLIN-umn, (im

mCUBY VAPOR LAI? Application. led Septemberl, 1080, Serial Bo. 479,678, and in Germany December 80, 1w.

Mercury vapour lamps in which the light lamps which are only partl filledwith merarc is generated by partially vaporizing the cury or 1n lamps partly lled. wlth gas, 1s mercury, are well known; these burners, prevented, because the burner 1s completely however, have a series of disadvantages. filled wlth mercury. u

To regulate the light arc the burner 1s pro- The lnew lamp has only one capillary, vided at each of its extremities or ends with Whlch 1s lead through the anode leadlng-in a capillary or throttle. Therefore, the reguconductor, secured to the deformable recelvlation that must be finely measured is timeer, so that the length of the llght arc 1s held absorbing and diiiicult and with slight inac- Constant. w curacies a wandering of the light arc takes Through the use of deformable recelvers place, whereby the extinction of the light 1s Of dlfferent thlcknesses of wall, the lamp effected, works under pressure considerably higher Lamps of this kind cannot be transported than atmtfslpheric. For this reason the insu- Without the danger of air or impurities enter` perable d culties, peculiarl to vacuumru ing the burner and disturbing its function. marient aS-tlght molten Joints of the anode 0n the other hand, a spilling of mercury is and cat ode leadlng conductors-are reeasily possible. moved. The new lamp only has one molten Furthermore, the mercury is exposed to the lolut on the cathode side. As cathode leadinfluence of the air and its oxidation prevents ing-out conductor a usual wolfram molten 70 the generation of the light. Finall the Va- )o mt suices as the mercury ltself closes olf pours of mercury are noxious to t e health Without ob]ect1on. of the patients. rlfhe accompanying drawing shows an exe- To avoid all these inconveniences, the use cutlon of whichzof the vacuum-burners has been preferred, Fig. 1 1S a front elevation; 7 the manufacture of which, however, is ex- Fig. 2 .1S a slde elevat1on; 5 tremely diflicult and costly, not to mention F{g. 3 1 S a plan Vlew of Flg. 1; and that the output of the vacuum-burners is, as F1g- 4 1S a. Sectlon through a bellows of a is well known, far inferior to that of the atmerourv recelver. A mos heric type. a in Cates the arc tube, b a vertically ar- TE@ present; invention Shows a 1am doing ranged cooler, c 1s a bellows or receiver, e the so awa with the deficiencies above cited). imode leading-1n COIlduotor and f the cathode The burner is completely filled with mereaollng-out conductor. lcury and works under the influence of the at- The new burner 1s of the atmos neric mospheric pressure, while the anode leadingpressure type. it 1s completely fille with 35 in conductor is formed as a deformable remercury. At the cathode-end it is closed, 85

ceiver, which takes up the mercury dis laced while the anode-end is equipped with an airey the light arc. The light arc, there ore, is proof bellows of rubber or the like which is under atmospheric pressure increased by the secured to the quartz tube. The anode leadpressure which the stretched receiver exerts. ing-in conductor e is movably fastened in the 40 ln order to permit of the use of a deformbellows whereas the cathode leading-out conable receiver, the burner is furnished with a ductor f is rigidly molten into the closed end circulation cooler, which reducesthe temper of the burner tube. The anode leading-in ture of the mercury, which has been raised conductor is hollow at its upper part and ends by the light arc to such an extent that rubberV in a conical needle moving in the reduced 45 can be used as the material of the receiver. cross-section or capillary g of the tube. In 95 the mercury filling is isolated from the order to fill the burner with mercury a hole outer air, impurities and losses of mercury or aperture h and a closing nut z' is provided. cannot occur. Damage of the burner To vaporize the mercury, viz., to generate through oscillation of the mercury during. the light arc, a heating coil d is provided, 50 transport, as can easily occur in vacuum being arranged at the cathode-end of the 100 burner tube which is bent angularly downwardly. c

Now b A partially the lqui part of 1t is, by the tension of the vapour, repulsed or displaced as'the bellows c serves as a deformable receiver.

By using bellows ofdiiferent dimensions burners can easily be manufactured for different, especially high pressures of the mercury vapour. rlhese burners are adapted in the like manner for polyphase currents. In this case, the number of burners is. equal to the number of phases.

The cathode leading-out conductors are laid on a common conductor, the null conductor of the polyphase current, the anode leading-in conductors on the other hand on the individual phases.

Naturally such lamps can also be used for equalizing the direction of alternating currents (Cooper Hewitt).

In order to ensure an absolutely correct function it is necessary that the cathode-end is constantly kept hot enough to exclude any condensation of the mercury vapour, whereas the anode-end of the burner must be permanently cooled. For this reason, a vertical circulation cooler is arranged so that the anode-side is connected to the bottom thereof and the burner-tube to a point somewhat higher, as shown in Fig. 1. The cooling surface is chosen large enough to establish or start a current of heat. The hot mercury, therefore, rises in the cooler and the cooled mercury is gathered at the bottom. As a consequence ofthe high efficiency of the cooler the employment of a bellows of rubber is rendered possible.

Now, when switching in, the current passes through the mercury, heats the coil and a partial vaporization takes place. Corresponding to the length of the' light arc generated, respectively to the quantity of mercury displaced by the pressure of the mercury vapour, the anode leading-in conductor e is lifted by reason of the extension of the deformable receiver, until a stable equilibrium or a state of permanence between the tension of the vapour and that of the receiver is ob tained with the result of a light arc without oscillation.

I claim 1. Mercury vapour lamp comprising a closed cathode, an anode, a burner tube joining said cathode and said anode, a vertical circulatlon cooler arranged between sald cathode and said anode, means mounted on said anode for automatically taking up the mercury displaced by the light arc and, after extinction of the latter, for automatically returning the said mercury to the burner tube under co-operation of the outer atmospheric pressure, means for completely filling the vaporizing the mercury renacer lamp with mercury and means for partially vaporizing the mercury.

2. Mercury vapour lam comprising a closed cathode, an anode, a urner tube joining said cathode and said anode, a vertical circulation cooler arranged between said cathode and said anode, a closed deformable receiver mounted on said anode,.a capillary in said anode, a hollow anode leading-in conductor passing through said deformable receiver and said capillary, means for completely {illing the lamp with mercury and means for partially vaporizing the mercury.

3. Mercury vapour lamp comprising a v'completely closed cathode, a downturned end to said cathode, an anode, an angled burner tube joining said cathode and said anode, a vertical circulation cooler arranged between said cathode and said anode, a connection between anode and circulation cooler atthe bottom of said vertical circulation cooler, a connection between burner tube and circulation cooler at a point above the connection thereof with the anode, means mounted on said anode for automatically taking up the mercury displaced by the light arc and, after extinction of the latter, for automatically returning the said mercury to the burner tube under co-operation of the outer atmoshperic pressure, means for completely filling the lamp with mercury and means for partially vaporizing the mercury.

4. Mercury vapour lamp comprising a completely closed cathode, a downturned end to said cathode, an anode, an angled burner tube joining said cathode and said anode, a vertical circulation cooler arranged between said cathode and said anode, a connection between anode and circulation cooler and the bottom of said vertical circulation cooler, a connection between burner tube and circulation cooler at a point above the connection thereof with the anode, a closed deformable receiver mounted on said anode, a capillary in said anode, a hollow anode leading-in conductor passing through said deformable receiver and said capillary, means f'or completely filling the lamp with mercury, and means for partially vaporizing the mercury.

5. Mercury vapour lamp comprising a completely closed cathode, a downturned end to said cathode, an anode, an angled burner tube joining said cathode and said anode, a vertical circulation cooler arranged between said cathode and said anode, a connection between anode and circulation cooler at the bottom of said vertical circulation cooler, a connection between burner tube and circulation cooler at a point above the connection thereof with the anode, a closed deformable receiver mounted on said anode, a capillary in said anode, a hollow anode leading-in conductor passing through said deformable receiver and said capillary, an aperture in said leading-in conductor, a conical end to said leading-in conductor, and means for partially vaporlzing said mercury.

6. Mercur7 vapour lamp comprising a completely c osed cathode, a downturned end to said cathode, an anode, an an led burner tube joining said cathode and sald anode, a vertical circulation cooler arranged between said cathode and said anode, a connection between anode and circulation cooler at the bottom of said vertical circulation cooler, a connection between burner tube and circulation coolex` at a point above the connection thereof with the anode, a closed deformable receiver mounted on said anode, a capillary in said anode, a hollow anode leading-m conductor, passin through said deformable receiver and sai capillary, an aperture in said leading-in conductor, a conical end to said leading-in conductor, and a heating coil surrounding the cathode.

In testimony whereof, I have ailixed my signature.

FELIX RITTER KALBACHER v. TURKEIIBUIG. 

